Safety and efficacy of a new supplementation protocol in patients with cystic fibrosis and vitamin D deficiency.

OBJECTIVES: Based on the European and American Cystic Fibrosis (CF) consensus recommendations, an increase in vitamin D (VD) supplementation in patients with CF and insufficient or defficient levels was proposed. The objective of our study was to determine the safety and efficacy of this new protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Multicentre nonrandomized uncontrolled experimental study. Patients with insufficient levels (<30 ng/mL) received increasing doses of VD (between 800 and 10 000 IU/day). Patients were followed up for 12 months, during which their vitamin and nutritional status, pulmonary function and calcium and phosphate metabolism were assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: t test for paired data and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Thirty patients aged 1-39 years (median, 9.1) completed the follow-up. Two patients were dropped from the study on account of 25-OH VD levels greater than 100 ng/mL at 3 months without clinical or laboratory signs of hypercalcaemia. At 12 months, we observed an increase of 7.6 ng/mL (95% CI, 4.6-10 ng/mL) in the mean 25-OH VD level and an improvement in vitamin status: 37% achieved levels of 30 ng/mL or greater, 50% levels between 20 and 30 ng/mL and 13% remained with levels of less than 20 ng/mL. We found no association between improved VD levels and pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed protocol achieved an increase in serum VD levels and a decrease in the percentage of patients with VD insufficiency, although it was still far from reaching the percentages of sufficiency recommended for this entity.

Vitamin D Status in Pediatric and Young Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Are the New Recommendations Effective?

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, guidelines for vitamin D supplementation have been updated and prophylactic recommended doses have been increased in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of these new recommendations. RESULTS: Two cohorts of pancreatic insufficient CF patients were compared before (cohort 1: 179 patients) and after (cohort 2: 71 patients) American CF Foundation and European CF Society recommendations were published. Cohort 2 patients received higher Vitamin D doses: 1509 (1306-1711 95% CI) vs 1084 (983-1184 95% CI) IU/Day (p < 0.001), had higher 25 OH vitamin D levels: 30.6 (27.9-33.26 95% CI) vs. 27.4 (25.9-28.8 95% CI) ng/mL (p = 0.028), and had a lower prevalence of insufficient vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL): 48% vs 65% (p = 0.011). Adjusted by confounding factors, patients in cohort 1 had a higher risk of vitamin D insufficiency: OR 2.23 (1.09-4.57 95% CI) (p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: After the implementation of new guidelines, CF patients received higher doses of vitamin D and a risk of vitamin D insufficiency decreased. Despite this, almost a third of CF patients still do not reach sufficient serum calcidiol levels.

Análisis de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes celiacos / Analysis of health-related quality life in celiac patients

Introducción: el tratamiento de la enfermedad celiaca es una dieta sin gluten de por vida, lo cual puede repercutir en la calidad de vida (CV) de los pacientes. Objetivos: nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la CV de una muestra de niños celiacos y estudiar los factores que pueden influir en la misma. Material y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo. Se estudió la CV con el cuestionario Celiac Disease Dux Questionnaire (CDDUX). Se estudió la adherencia con el cuestionario Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) y la determinación de péptidos inmunogénicos del gluten (GIP) en heces. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, y se elaboró una encuesta ad hoc. Resultados: se incluyeron 80 pacientes. La mediana del CDDUX fue de 44,04 puntos (CV "neutra"); la de la subescala "comunicación" fue de 58,3 ("neutra"), la de "tener EC" fue de 25 ("mala") y la de "dieta" fue de 41,6 puntos ("neutra"). La CV fue peor en los pacientes con familiares celiacos ("mala" frente a "neutra", p = 0,02) y en aquellos insatisfechos con las características somatosensoriales y el precio de los alimentos sin gluten ("mala" frente a "neutra", p = 0,02). Los insatisfechos con la textura de estos alimentos tenían peor CV ("mala" frente a "neutra", p = 0,009). Los que consideraban comer fuera de casa como factor inductor de transgresiones referían una CV "mala" y los que no, una "neutra" (p = 0,03). Conclusiones: los pacientes celiacos tienen una CV neutra. El hecho de tener familiares con enfermedad celiaca, la insatisfacción con los alimentos sin gluten y el considerar un factor inductor de transgresiones el comer fuera de casa se relacionaron con una peor calidad de vida. (AU)

Introduction: the treatment of celiac disease is gluten-free diet for life. This can impact the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Objectives: the objective was to evaluate the QoL and the factors with an impact on QoL in a sample of celiac children. Methods and materials: a descriptive observational study. QoL was evaluated using the Celiac Disease Dux Questionnaire (CDDUX). Adherence to gluten-free diet was assessed with the Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) and the presence of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in the feces. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and an ad-hoc survey was developed. Results: eighty patients were included. Median CDDUX score was 44.04 points (QoL: "neutral"). Subscale scores included: "communication", 58.3 points ("neutral"); "having CD", 25 points ("Bad"); and "diet", 41.6 points ("neutral"). QoL was worse among patients with celiac relatives (the result of the survey was "bad" vs. "neutral" with p = 0.02) and among those who found unsatisfactory the somatosensory characteristics and the price of gluten-free food (the result of the survey was "bad" vs. "neutral" with p = 0.02). Those who found unsatisfactory the texture of these food reported a worse QoL ("bad" vs. "neutral", p = 0.009). Those who reported eating outside the home as a transgression inducer reported a "bad" QoL; those who did not, reported a "neutral" QoL (p = 0.03). Conclusions: celiac patients report a "neutral" QoL. A poorer QoL was related to having celiac relatives, finding gluten-free food unsatisfactory, and considering eating outside the home as an inducer. (AU)

Study of adherence to the gluten-free diet in coeliac patients.

INTRODUCTION: The following of a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is essential in the control of coeliac disease. The aim of this study was to determine the adherence to a GFD in coeliac patients and to evaluate the factors that could influence this adherence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive observational study was carried out, in which gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) were determined in faeces using a semi-quantitative method, and the Coeliac Dietary Adherence Test was completed. Sociodemographic and clinical details were collected, and an ad hoc questionnaire was prepared. RESULTS: Of the 80 patients included, 92.5% were adherent according to the GIP and 86.3% according to Coeliac Dietary Adherence Test (acceptable agreement; Kappa: 0.31, P = .004). The large majority (83.3%) of patients with positive GIP gave negative anti-transglutaminase antibodies in the latest determination. Current age and time of onset were significantly associated with adherence. Those with a positive GIP had a mean age of 5 years more (P = .0001) and were 52 months more on a GFD (P = .025). One quarter of those surveyed considered the diet difficult to follow. Just under two-thirds (60%) considered that the variability in the eating site was an important factor in leading to infringements, with children's parties being the main area where they occurred (66.7%). The lack of variety (61.4%) and the increased cost (98.6%) of gluten-free foods is highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: The adherence to the GFD is generally good. The analysis of GIP helps to detect non-adherent patients that would pass unnoticed in other circumstances. Measures must be established in order to maintain good long-term adherence, taking into account the risk factors and difficulties detected.

Estudio de la adherencia a la dieta sin gluten en pacientes celiacos / Study of adherence to the gluten-free diet in coeliac patients

Introducción: La realización estricta de una dieta sin gluten (DSG) es fundamental para el control de la enfermedad celiaca. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la adherencia a la DSG en celiacos y evaluar factores que pudieran influir en la misma. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se realizó una determinación de péptidos inmunogénicos del gluten (GIP) en heces con método semicuantitativo y se cumplimentó el cuestionario Celiac Dietary Adherence Test. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y se elaboró una encuesta ad hoc. Resultados: Se incluyeron 80 pacientes. El 92,5% eran adherentes mediante GIP y 86,3% con Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (concordancia aceptable; Kappa: 0,31, p=0,004). El 83,3% de los pacientes con GIP positivos tenía la última determinación de anticuerpos antitransglutaminasa negativos. La edad actual y el tiempo de evolución se asociaron significativamente con la adherencia. Aquellos con GIP positivos tenían de media 5 años más (p=0,0001) y llevaban 52 meses más de DSG (p=0,025). Una cuarta parte de los encuestados consideraba difícil realizar la dieta. El 60% consideraba que la variabilidad en el lugar de comida era importante para inducir transgresiones, siendo las fiestas infantiles el principal lugar donde sucedían (66,7%). Se destaca la escasa variedad (61,4%) y el elevado coste (98,6%) de los alimentos sin gluten. Conclusiones: La adherencia a la DSG es en general, buena. El análisis de GIP permitió detectar a pacientes no adherentes que en otras circunstancias pasarían desapercibidos. Se deben establecer medidas para mantener una buena adhesión de manera prolongada, considerando los factores de riesgo y dificultades detectados. (AU)

Introduction: The following of a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is essential in the control of coeliac disease. The aim of this study was to determine the adherence to a GFD in coeliac patients and to evaluate the factors that could influence this adherence. Material and methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out, in which gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) were determined in faeces using a semi-quantitative method, and the Coeliac Dietary Adherence Test was completed. Sociodemographic and clinical details were collected, and an ad hoc questionnaire was prepared. Results: Of the 80 patients included, 92.5% were adherent according to the GIP and 86.3% according to Coeliac Dietary Adherence Test (acceptable agreement; Kappa: 0.31, P=.004). The large majority (83.3%) of patients with positive GIP gave negative anti-transglutaminase antibodies in the latest determination. Current age and time of onset were significantly associated with adherence. Those with a positive GIP had a mean age of 5 years more (P=.0001) and were 52 months more on a GFD (P=.025). One quarter of those surveyed considered the diet difficult to follow. Just under two-thirds (60%) considered that the variability in the eating site was an important factor in leading to infringements, with children's parties being the main area where they occurred (66.7%). The lack of variety (61.4%) and the increased cost (98.6%) of gluten-free foods is highlighted. Conclusions: The adherence to the GFD is generally good. The analysis of GIP helps to detect non-adherent patients that would pass unnoticed in other circumstances. Measures must be established in order to maintain good long-term adherence, taking into account the risk factors and difficulties detected. (AU)

[Analysis of health-related quality life in celiac patients]. / Análisis de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes celiacos.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: treatment of celiac disease is gluten-free diet for life. This can impact the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Objectives:the aim of this study was to evaluate the QoL and the factors with an impact on QoL in a sample of children with celiac disease. Methods and materials: a descriptive observational study. QoL was evaluated using the Celiac Disease Dux Questionnaire (CDDUX). Adherence to gluten-free diet was assessed with the Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) and the presence of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in the stools. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and an ad-hoc survey was developed. Results: eighty patients were included. Median CDDUX score was 44.04 points (QoL: "neutral"). Subscale scores included: "communication", 58.3 points ("neutral"); "having CD", 25 points ("Bad"); and "diet", 41.6 points ("neutral"). QoL was worse among patients with celiac relatives (the result of the survey was "bad" vs. "neutral" with p = 0.02) and among those who found unsatisfactory the somatosensory characteristics and the price of gluten-free food (the result of the survey was "bad" vs. "neutral" with p = 0.02). Those who found unsatisfactory the texture of these food reported a worse QoL ("bad" vs. "neutral", p = 0.009). Those who reported eating outside the home as a transgression inducer reported a "bad" QoL; those who did not, reported a "neutral" QoL (p = 0.03). Conclusions: celiac patients report a "neutral" QoL. A poorer QoL was related to having celiac relatives, finding gluten-free food unsatisfactory, and considering eating outside the home as an inducer factor for transgressions.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el tratamiento de la enfermedad celiaca es una dieta sin gluten de por vida, lo cual puede repercutir en la calidad de vida (CV) de los pacientes. Objetivos: nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la CV de una muestra de niños celiacos y estudiar los factores que pueden influir en la misma. Material y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo. Se estudió la CV con el cuestionario Celiac Disease Dux Questionnaire (CDDUX). Se estudió la adherencia con el cuestionario Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) y la determinación de péptidos inmunogénicos del gluten (GIP) en heces. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, y se elaboró una encuesta ad hoc. Resultados: se incluyeron 80 pacientes. La mediana del CDDUX fue de 44,04 puntos (CV "neutra"); la de la subescala "comunicación" fue de 58,3 ("neutra"), la de "tener EC" fue de 25 ("mala") y la de "dieta" fue de 41,6 puntos ("neutra"). La CV fue peor en los pacientes con familiares celiacos ("mala" frente a "neutra", p = 0,02) y en aquellos insatisfechos con las características somatosensoriales y el precio de los alimentos sin gluten ("mala" frente a "neutra", p = 0,02). Los insatisfechos con la textura de estos alimentos tenían peor CV ("mala" frente a "neutra", p = 0,009). Los que consideraban comer fuera de casa como factor inductor de transgresiones referían una CV "mala" y los que no, una "neutra" (p = 0,03). Conclusiones: los pacientes celiacos tienen una CV neutra. El hecho de tener familiares con enfermedad celiaca, la insatisfacción con los alimentos sin gluten y el considerar un factor inductor de transgresiones el comer fuera de casa se relacionaron con una peor calidad de vida.

Gluten-Free Diet: Nutritional Strategies to Improve Eating Habits in Children with Celiac Disease: A Prospective, Single-arm Intervention Study.

BACKGROUND: Elimination of gluten-containing cereals and consumption of ultra-processed gluten-free foods might cause an unbalanced diet, deficient in fiber and rich in sugar and fat, circumstances that may predispose celiac children to chronic constipation. AIM: to evaluate if counseling with a registered dietitian (RD) was capable of improving eating and bowel habits in a celiac pediatric population. METHODS: Dietetic, lipid profile and stool modifications were analyzed, comparing baseline assessments with those twelve months after receiving heathy eating and nutrition education sessions. At both time points, 3-day food records, a bowel habit record and a lipid panel were conducted. Calculated relative intake of macro- and micro-nutrients were compared with current recommendations by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Student's paired t-test, McNemar test, Mandasky test and Pearson correlation tests were used. RESULTS: Seventy-two subjects (58.3% girls) with a mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of 10.2 (3.4) years were included. Baseline diets were imbalanced in macronutrient composition. Significant improvements were observed in their compliance with dietary reference values (DRVs), where 50% of the subjects met fat requirements after the education and 67% and 49% with those of carbohydrates and fiber, respectively (p < 0.001). Celiac children decreased red meat and ultra-processed foods consumption (p < 0.001) and increased fruits and vegetables intake (p < 0.001), leading to a reduction in saturated fat (p < 0.001) and sugar intake (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 92% of the patients achieved a normal bowel habit, including absence of hard stools in 80% of children constipated at baseline (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: RD-led nutrition education is able to improve eating patterns in children with celiac disease (CD).

Manual Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Functional Constipation in Children: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Make a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of manual physical therapy (MPT) compared to conventional pharmacologic treatment (CPT) in chronic pediatric functional constipation (CPC). Design: A pilot randomized and controlled trial was conducted. Settings/Location: Subjects were recruited in a tertiary university hospital in the north of Spain. Subjects: Forty-seven children (2-14 years) were included. Participants were assessed by Pediatric Gastroenterologist. They were recruited in a tertiary university hospital. Subjects were randomly allocated. MPT was performed in a private clinic. Interventions: Control group (CG) received CPT and intervention group (IG) received MPT, consisting in nine sessions of MPT with a 45-min initial session and 30 min for the rest of sessions distributed weekly during the first and second months and biweekly in the third month. Outcome Measures: At times 0-1-3 months and 5 years, results obtained were checked and compared, according to the defecatory pattern ("Symptom Severity Score" SSS), quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Scale), Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), and the defecation frequency (DF). Results: Results from SSS, BSFS, and DF revealed no statistically significant differences between groups in median values at any follow-up. However, there were significant changes over time. The full sample median for SSS was reduced from baseline 24 (interquartile range 20-27) to 11 (6-13) at month 1, 7 (3-13) at month 3, (8 CG; 5 IG), and 5 (1-12) at year 5. The BSFS scale increased from 2 (1-3) at baseline to 4 (3-4) at month 1 and year 5. DF increases progressively from 1 per week to 5 in the fifth year. Higher rates of quality of life were observed at month 3 in IG for the total, physical, and emotional functioning scores and at fifth year for total, emotional, social, and school functioning scores. Conclusions: This study gives preliminary evidence of no difference between MPT and CPT for improvement in measures of CPC, although there was some advantage for MPT in quality of life. Study results justify the conduct of a full-scale efficacy trial of MPT, as well as a noninferiority trial comparing MPT and CPT.

Assessment of Two Nutritional Screening Tools in Hospitalized Children.

AIM: to evaluate validity and concordance of Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP) and Screening Tool for Risk On Nutritional status and Growth (STRONGkids) screening tools for assessment of nutritional risk in pediatric inpatients. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal observational multicenter study in children aged 1 month or older admitted as inpatients. Weight, height, cause of admission, demographic data, length of stay, and nutritional interventions were recorded. STAMP and STRONGkids were applied within the first 72 h of admission. Anthropometric measurements were recorded again 12-18 months after admission. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients with median age of 4.1 years completed the study. Agreement between tools was moderate (κ = 0.47). STAMP had a greater tendency to classify patients as high risk (12.3% vs. 2.5%). Both tools showed very weak correlation with height for age. All undernourished patients at the beginning and the end of the study were classified as medium or high risk by STAMP and STRONGkids (100% sensitivity), although specificity was below 50% in all cases. There were no differences in length of stay based on nutritional risk with any of the tools. CONCLUSIONS: STAMP and STRONGkids demonstrated moderate agreement, with high sensitivity but low specificity for the diagnosis of undernutrition. Further studies are required to analyze cost-effectiveness of these tools and nutritional interventions derived from them.

Efecto de la alimentación saludable previa a la intervención con dieta baja en FODMAP en pacientes pediátricos con síndrome de intestino irritable / Effect of healthy eating before intervention with a low FODMAP diet in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Introducción: una dieta baja en oligosacáridos, disacáridos, monosacáridos y polioles fermentables (FODMAP) puede ser eficaz en el tratamiento de los pacientes pediátricos con síndrome de intestino irritable (SII). Su complejidad y efectos secundarios hacen de la misma una alternativa terapéutica secundaria. Objetivo: demostrar que la educación nutricional, dirigida a optimizar la dieta de los niños con SII, es capaz de mejorar sus síntomas gastrointestinales sin tener que realizar una dieta baja en FODMAP. Métodos: estudio de intervención prospectivo. Se analizaron los cambios de los síntomas gastrointestinales, mediante el cuestionario pediátrico de calidad de vida para síntomas gastrointestinales (PedsQL(TM) síntomas GI), tras recibir educación nutricional basada en alimentación saludable. Asimismo, se analizaron los cambios antropométricos y de hábitos dietéticos tras dicha intervención. Resultados: se incluyeron 21 pacientes (12 niñas) con edad media de 10,6 años (5-14 años). Se observó una dieta con un exceso de ingesta de azúcares simples, grasas saturadas y sal junto con un déficit de fibra. Tras la intervención, se apreció un aumento de 8,07 puntos en el cuestionario (IC del 95%: 13,42 a -2,73; p = 0,005). Además, se observó una pérdida de peso significativa en los pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad (disminución del Z-score de índice de masa corporal [IMC] 0,62 DE; p = 0,001). Se observaron cambios significativos en los hábitos dietéticos: aumento de consumo de hidratos de carbono complejos, frutas y verduras y disminución de azúcares simples. Conclusiones: la alimentación saludable resulta eficaz para mejorar los síntomas gastrointestinales en pacientes pediátricos con SII, sin requerir la exclusión de FODMAP

Background: a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) may be effective in the treatment of pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Its complexity and side effects make it a secondary therapeutic alternative. Objective: to demonstrate that nutritional education, aimed at optimizing the diet of children with IBS, is able to improve gastrointestinal symptoms of children without following a diet low in FODMAP. Methods: prospective intervention study. Changes in gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed by means of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory(TM) Gastrointestinal Symptoms (PedsQL(TM) GI Symptoms), after receiving nutritional education based on a healthy diet. Likewise, anthropometric changes and dietary habits were analyzed. Results: twenty-one patients were included (12 girls) with a mean age of 10.6 years (5-14 years). A diet with excess intake of simple sugars, saturated fats and salt along with fiber deficit was observed. After the intervention, an increase in 8.07 points was observed in the inventory (95% CI: 13.42 a -2.73, p = 0.005). Additionally, significant weight loss was observed in overweight and obese patients (decrease in body mass index [BMI]; Z-score 0.62 SD, p = 0.001). Significant changes in dietary habits were observed: increased consumption of complex carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables and reduction of simple sugars. Conclusions: healthy eating is effective to improve gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric patients with IBS, without requiring the exclusion of FODMAP

[Effect of healthy eating before intervention with a low FODMAP diet in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome]. / Efecto de la alimentación saludable previa a la intervención con dieta baja en FODMAP en pacientes pediátricos con síndrome de intestino irritable.

INTRODUCTION: Background: a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) may be effective in the treatment of pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Its complexity and side effects make it a secondary therapeutic alternative. Objective: to demonstrate that nutritional education, aimed at optimizing the diet of children with IBS, is able to improve gastrointestinal symptoms of children without following a diet low in FODMAP. Methods: prospective intervention study. Changes in gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed by means of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms (PedsQL™ GI Symptoms), after receiving nutritional education based on a healthy diet. Likewise, anthropometric changes and dietary habits were analyzed. Results: twenty-one patients were included (12 girls) with a mean age of 10.6 years (5-14 years). A diet with excess intake of simple sugars, saturated fats and salt along with fiber deficit was observed. After the intervention, an increase in 8.07 points was observed in the inventory (95% CI: 13.42 a -2.73, p = 0.005). Additionally, significant weight loss was observed in overweight and obese patients (decrease in body mass index [BMI]; Z-score 0.62 SD, p = 0.001). Significant changes in dietary habits were observed: increased consumption of complex carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables and reduction of simple sugars. Conclusions: healthy eating is effective to improve gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric patients with IBS, without requiring the exclusion of FODMAP.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: una dieta baja en oligosacáridos, disacáridos, monosacáridos y polioles fermentables (FODMAP) puede ser eficaz en el tratamiento de los pacientes pediátricos con síndrome de intestino irritable (SII). Su complejidad y efectos secundarios hacen de la misma una alternativa terapéutica secundaria. Objetivo: demostrar que la educación nutricional, dirigida a optimizar la dieta de los niños con SII, es capaz de mejorar sus síntomas gastrointestinales sin tener que realizar una dieta baja en FODMAP. Métodos: estudio de intervención prospectivo. Se analizaron los cambios de los síntomas gastrointestinales, mediante el cuestionario pediátrico de calidad de vida para síntomas gastrointestinales (PedsQL™ síntomas GI), tras recibir educación nutricional basada en alimentación saludable. Asimismo, se analizaron los cambios antropométricos y de hábitos dietéticos tras dicha intervención. Resultados: se incluyeron 21 pacientes (12 niñas) con edad media de 10,6 años (5-14 años). Se observó una dieta con un exceso de ingesta de azúcares simples, grasas saturadas y sal junto con un déficit de fibra. Tras la intervención, se apreció un aumento de 8,07 puntos en el cuestionario (IC del 95%: 13,42 a -2,73; p = 0,005). Además, se observó una pérdida de peso significativa en los pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad (disminución del Z-score de índice de masa corporal [IMC] 0,62 DE; p = 0,001). Se observaron cambios significativos en los hábitos dietéticos: aumento de consumo de hidratos de carbono complejos, frutas y verduras y disminución de azúcares simples. Conclusiones: la alimentación saludable resulta eficaz para mejorar los síntomas gastrointestinales en pacientes pediátricos con SII, sin requerir la exclusión de FODMAP.

Manejo de la alergia a proteína de leche de vaca por los gastroenterólogos españoles / Attitudes towards cow's milk protein allergy management by spanish gastroenterologist

INTRODUCCIÓN: La alergia alimentaria es un problema creciente, siendo la proteína de leche de vaca la principal causa en niños. Sin un proceso diagnóstico adecuado, existe un elevado riesgo de sobrediagnóstico e infradiagnóstico y, por lo tanto, de sobretratamiento e infratratamiento. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar la variabilidad en el manejo de la alergia a proteína de leche de vaca (APLV) por los gastroenterólogos pediátricos españoles. MÉTODOS: Se envió un cuestionario de 50 preguntas a través de la lista de email de la Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas. RESULTADOS: Recibimos 73 cuestionarios de los 321 enviados. Solo 3 de las respuestas lograron más del 90% de acuerdo. El 33% considera que la provocación oral es necesaria para el diagnóstico de APLV siempre. El 25% considera que la mejoría clínica tras la retirada de las proteínas de leche de vaca es suficiente para el diagnóstico. La provocación oral es realizada en domicilio por el 83,5% de los encuestados en APLV no IgE mediada. Los hidrolizados extensos de caseína son el tratamiento de elección (69,9%). Las fórmulas de soja, la última opción. Casi todos los encuestados conocían la existencia de guías de manejo de APLV, siendo las de la Sociedad Europea de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica las más utilizadas (64,4%). El 23% considera que su conocimiento sobre alergia es inadecuado. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque la APLV es una patología prevalente que los gastroenterólogos pediátricos llevan décadas tratando, hemos encontrado una gran variabilidad en su manejo. Existe posibilidad de mejora en este campo en el futuro

INTRODUCTION: Food allergy is an increasing health problem in the developed world. Cow's milk protein is the main cause of food allergy in infants. Without an appropriate diagnostic workup, there is a high risk of both over- and underdiagnosis and therefore, over and undertreatment. The objective of our study was to analyze the variability in cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) management by pediatric gastroenterologists in Spain. METHODS: A fifty item questionnaire, including open and closed items in a Likert's scale from 0 to 5, was drafted and distributed through the Spanish Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP) e-mail list. RESULTS: Seventy-three questionnaires were received back out of 321. Only 3 of the items achieved concordance greater than 90%. Thirty-three percent considered oral challenge to be necessary for the diagnosis of CMPA under any circumstance. Twenty-five percent considered that symptom improvement after cow's milk removal was enough for the diagnosis. Oral challenge was performed at home by 83.5% in non-IgE mediated cases. Extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas were the treatment of choice for 69.9%. Soy formulas were the last option. Almost all respondents were aware of the existence of clinical guidelines on CMPA, being European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines the most followed (64.4%). Twenty-three percent considered that their knowledge about allergy was inadequate. CONCLUSIONS: Although CMPA is a prevalent condition that pediatric gastroenterologists have been treating for decades, we found a huge variability on its management. There is potential for improvement in this field among pediatric gastroenterologist in the future

Alergia a proteínas de leche de vaca con afectación cutánea, ¿es necesaria la derivación al dermatólogo? / Cow's milk protein allergy with skin lesions. Is it always necessary to refer to a dermatologist?

No disponible

2016: epidemia de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en Asturias / 2016: Inflammatory bowel disease epidemic in Asturias

No disponible

[Attitudes towards cow's milk protein allergy management by spanish gastroenterologist]. / Manejo de la alergia a proteína de leche de vaca por los gastroenterólogos españoles.

INTRODUCTION: Food allergy is an increasing health problem in the developed world. Cow's milk protein is the main cause of food allergy in infants. Without an appropriate diagnostic workup, there is a high risk of both over- and underdiagnosis and therefore, over and undertreatment. The objective of our study was to analyze the variability in cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) management by pediatric gastroenterologists in Spain. METHODS: A fifty item questionnaire, including open and closed items in a Likert's scale from 0 to 5, was drafted and distributed through the Spanish Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP) e-mail list. RESULTS: Seventy-three questionnaires were received back out of 321. Only 3 of the items achieved concordance greater than 90%. Thirty-three percent considered oral challenge to be necessary for the diagnosis of CMPA under any circumstance. Twenty-five percent considered that symptom improvement after cow's milk removal was enough for the diagnosis. Oral challenge was performed at home by 83.5% in non-IgE mediated cases. Extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas were the treatment of choice for 69.9%. Soy formulas were the last option. Almost all respondents were aware of the existence of clinical guidelines on CMPA, being European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines the most followed (64.4%). Twenty-three percent considered that their knowledge about allergy was inadequate. CONCLUSIONS: Although CMPA is a prevalent condition that pediatric gastroenterologists have been treating for decades, we found a huge variability on its management. There is potential for improvement in this field among pediatric gastroenterologist in the future.

[Excess weight in patients with cystic fibrosis: is it always beneficial?]

INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of overweight and obese status, as well as their association to pulmonary function, total cholesterol and vitamin D in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a multicenter descriptive and cross-sectional study. Twelve Spanish hospitals participated. 451 patients with CF were included. Adults were classified according to body mass index (BMI) and children were classified according to BMI percentiles (WHO tables). Pearson's correlation, Anova, Student's t-test and multiple linear regression were conducted. RESULTS: Mean age was 12.3 (range 4-57) years old, 51% were male and 18% had pancreatic sufficiency. Participants were classified in five nutritional status categories: 12% were malnourished; 57%, at nutritional risk; 24%, normally nourished; 6%, overweight; and 1%, obese. Pulmonary function in overweight or obese patients (91 ± 19%) was better than in malnourished patients (77 ± 24%) (p = 0.017). However, no difference was observed between those at nutritional risk (86 ± 19%) or normally nourished (90 ± 22%) groups. Overweight and obese patients had higher levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.0049), a greater proportion of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001), as well as lower levels of 25 OH vitamin D (p = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of overweight and obese was 6 and 1%. Excess weight status does not offer any benefit in pulmonary function in comparison to normally nourished patients.

Excess weight in patients with cystic fibrosis: is it always beneficial? / Incremento de peso en pacientes con fibrosisquística: ¿es siempre beneficioso?

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of overweight and obese status, as well as their association to pulmonary function, total cholesterol and vitamin D in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Materials and methods: This is a multicenter descriptive and cross-sectional study. Twelve Spanish hospitals participated. 451 patients with CF were included. Adults were classified according to body mass index (BMI) and children were classified according to BMI percentiles (WHO tables). Pearson’s correlation, Anova, Student’s t-test and multiple linear regression were conducted. Results: Mean age was 12.3 (range 4-57) years old, 51% were male and 18% had pancreatic sufficiency. Participants were classified in five nutritional status categories: 12% were malnourished; 57%, at nutritional risk; 24%, normally nourished; 6%, overweight; and 1%, obese. Pulmonary function in overweight or obese patients (91 ± 19%) was better than in malnourished patients (77 ± 24%) (p = 0.017). However, no difference was observed between those at nutritional risk (86 ± 19%) or normally nourished (90 ± 22%) groups. Overweight and obese patients had higher levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.0049), a greater proportion of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001), as well as lower levels of 25 OH vitamin D (p = 0.058). Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obese was 6 and 1%. Excess weight status does not offer any benefit in pulmonary function in comparison to normally nourished patients (AU)

Introducción y objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, así como su asociación con la función pulmonar, el colesterol total y la vitamina D en pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ). Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico descriptivo y transversal. Participaron 12 hospitales españoles. Fueron incluidos 451 pacientes con FQ, clasificados según el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en adultos y el IMC percentilado (tablas OMS) en niños. Análisis estadístico: C.Pearson, Anova, t de Student y regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: la mediana de edad fue 12,3 (rango 4-57) años. Un 51% eran varones y el 18%, suficientes pancreáticos (SP). El 12% estaba desnutrido; el 57%, en riesgo nutricional; el 24%, normonutrido; el 6% presentaba sobrepeso; y un 1%, obesidad. La función pulmonar en los pacientes con sobrepeso (91 ± 19%) era mejor que en los desnutridos (77 ± 24%) (p = 0,017), sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias con respecto a los que estaban en riesgo nutricional (86 ± 19%) o normonutridos (90 ± 22%). Los pacientes con sobrepeso tenían más elevado el colesterol total (p = 0,0049), mayor proporción de hipercolesterolemia (p = 0,001), así como niveles más bajos de 25 OH vitamina D (p = 0,058). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 6 y el 1%. El sobrepeso y la obesidad no ofrecen beneficio sobre la función pulmonar en comparación con los normonutridos (AU)

Malnutrición en el niño ingresado en un hospital. Resultados de una encuesta nacional / Malnutrition in children admitted to hospital. Results of a national survey

INTRODUCCIÓN: La desnutrición al ingreso se relaciona con hospitalizaciones más prolongadas y mayor morbilidad. La prevalencia varía entre un 6 y un 50%. El estudio DHOSPE se pregunta sobre la situación nutricional al ingreso y cómo se modifica durante el mismo. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, con un breve seguimiento longitudinal, multicéntrico, realizado en 32 hospitales en 2011. Se incluyó a 991 pacientes. En todos se realizó una valoración nutricional al ingreso, a los 7 y 14 días. Se utilizó la herramienta de cribado nutricional STAMP en el momento del ingreso. Las medidas antropométricas se evaluaron como puntuaciones Z y el estado nutricional con los índices de Waterlow de peso para la desnutrición aguda y de talla para la crónica. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de desnutrición fue del 7,1% para la aguda moderada y del 0,7% para la grave. Para la crónica: 2,7% moderada y 1,4% grave. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en función de la edad pero sí en función de la enfermedad. Algo más del 75% de los pacientes presentaban riesgo intermedio o elevado de desnutrirse durante el ingreso, valorado con STAMP. La peor situación nutricional al ingreso y una puntuación más elevada en el riesgo nutricional se correlacionaron positivamente con la necesidad de soporte nutricional. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de desnutrición fue sensiblemente inferior (< 8%) a lo publicado, probablemente en relación con la distinta complejidad de los hospitales. El riesgo nutricional valorado con la herramienta STAMP fue elevado (el 75% presentaba riesgo moderado o intenso de desnutrición)

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition on admission is closely related to a longer hospital stay and a higher morbidity. The prevalence of hospital malnutrition has been reported as almost as high as 50%, with 6% being the lowest. DHOSPE study investigates nutrition status in Spanish hospitals and its outcome during the hospital stay. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A longitudinal, multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a short follow-up period was conducted in 32 hospitals during 2011. A total of 991 patients were included, with ages from 0 to 17 years. Each patient was measured at admission (weight, length, weight for length -W/L-, length for age -L/A-), and at 7 and 14 days. The STAMP nutritional screening tool was completed on admission. Anthropometric measurements were reported as z-score, and nutrition status classified according to W/L and L/A for acute and chronic malnutrition, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 7.1% for moderate, and 0.7% for severe acute malnutrition. For chronic malnutrition, it was 2.7% moderate, and 1.4% severe. There were significant differences according to the underlying condition but not according to age. Results of STAMP show that around 75% of patients had a moderate to high risk of malnutrition. Nutritional status changed during admission for weight, as well as W/L and L/A. A worst nutritional status at admission and a higher STAMP score were positively correlated with the need for nutrition support. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of undernutrition was slightly lower (<8%) than previously reported, probably in relation to the variety of hospitals in the survey. Nevertheless, nutritional risk when evaluated with STAMP showed a high risk of malnutrition